Atmospheric Geoengineering is occuring in
our skies daily, and on a worldwide basis
For those who doubt the feasibility of these special operations, just
take a look at the following Patents.
Chemtrail Patents:
Method and apparatus for altering a region in
the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere
United States Patent 4,686,605 / Eastlund /
August 11, 1987
A method and apparatus for altering at least one
selected region which normally exists above the earth's surface. The region is
excited by electron cyclotron resonance heating to thereby increase its charged
particle density. In one embodiment, circularly polarized electromagnetic
radiation is transmitted upward in a direction substantially parallel to and
along a field line which extends through the region of plasma to be altered. The
radiation is transmitted at a frequency which excites electron cyclotron
resonance to heat and accelerate the charged particles. This increase in energy
can cause ionization of neutral particles which are then absorbed as part of the
region thereby increasing the charged particle density of the region.
Method of modifying weather
United States Patent
6,315,213 / Cordani / November 13, 2001
A method for artificially modifying the weather by
seeding rain clouds of a storm with suitable cross-linked aqueous polymer. The
polymer is dispersed into the cloud and the wind of the storm agitates the
mixture causing the polymer to absorb the rain. This reaction forms a gelatinous
substance which precipitate to the surface below. Thus, diminishing the clouds
ability to rain.
Process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation
using dispersed melanin
United States Patent / 5,286,979 / Berliner / February 15, 1994
This invention is a process for absorbing
ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere by dispersing melanin, its analogs, or
derivatives into the atmosphere. By appropriate choice of melanin composition,
size of melanin dispersoids, and their concentration, the melanin will absorb
some quantity of ultraviolet radiation and thereby lessen its overall effect on
the critters who would normally absorb such radiation.
Liquid atomizing apparatus for aerial spraying
United States Patent /
4,948,050 / Picot / August 14, 1990
A rotary liquid spray atomizer for aerial spraying
is driven by a variable speed motor, driven in turn by power from a variable
speed AC generator. The generator is driven from a power take-off from the
engine of the spraying aircraft, a drive assembly includes a device for
controlling the speed of the generator relative to the speed of the engine. The
particularly convenient drive assembly between the generator and the power
take-off is a hydraulic motor, which drives the generator, driven by a hydraulic
pump driven from the power take-off. The speed of the hydraulic motor can be
controllably varied. Conveniently the AC motor is a synchronous
motor.
Laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial
spraying of liquids
United States Patent / 4,412,654 Yates / November 1, 1983
A laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial
spraying involve the use of a streamlined body having a slot in the trailing
edge thereof to afford a quiescent zone within the wing and into which liquid
for spraying is introduced. The liquid flows from a source through a small
diameter orifice having a discharge end disposed in the quiet zone well upstream
of the trailing edge. The liquid released into the quiet zone in the slot forms
drops characteristic of laminar flow. Those drops then flow from the slot at the
trailing edge of the streamlined body and discharge into the slipstream for free
distribution.
ROCKET HAVING BARIUM RELEASE SYSTEM TO CREATE
ION CLOUDS IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE
United States Patent: - US3813875 / Issued/Filed Dates: June 4, 1974
/ April 28, 1972
A chemical system for releasing a good yield of
free barium (Ba°) atoms and barium ions (BA+) to create ion clouds in the upper
atmosphere and interplanetary space for the study of the geophysical properties
of the medium. Inventor(s): Paine; Thomas O. Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect to an invention of , Hampton,
VA 23364
NASA: BARIUM - Chemical
Formulas/Suppliers
source: gisgaia
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This
is the "Description of Preferred Embodiments" link in the NASA Barium Patent
listed above. Astounding that this information was generated in l969 and now,30
years later, there is evidence of Barium saturation in our atmosphere.
The Barium/Fuel mixtures are listed below along
with the suppliers.
Description of Preferred Embodiments:
Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, there is
shown a segment of a suitable carrier vehicle 10, such for example a rocket
motor. Vehicle 10 is employed to carry fuel tank 11, insulated oxidizer tank 13
and combustion chamber 15, along with the necessary instrumentation, from earth
into the upper atmosphere or into interplanetary space. Fuel tank 11 is in fluid
connection with combustion chamber 15 and oxidizer tank 13 is in fluid
connection with combustion chamber 15 by way of respective conduits 17 and 19. A
pair of valves 21 and 23 are disposed within the respective conduits 17 and 19.
Valves 21 and 23 are adapted to be selectively and simultaneously opened by a
suitable battery-powered timing mechanism, radio signal, or the like, to release
the pressurized fuel and oxidizer from tanks 11 and 13. The fuel and oxidizer
then flow through conduits 17 and 19 and impinge upon each other through a
centrally positioned manifold and suitable jets (not shown) in combustion
chamber 15 where spontaneous ignition occurs. The reaction products are then
expelled through the open ends of combustion chamber 15 as plasma which includes
the desired barium neutral atoms and barium ions as individual species.
The fuel utilized in fuel tank 11 is either
hydrazine (N2 H4) or liquid ammonia (NH3) while the oxidizer employed is
selected from the group consisting of liquid fluorine (F2), chlorine trifluoride
(ClF3) and oxygen difluoride (OF2). When using hydrazine as the fuel, barium may
be dissolved therein as barium chloride, BaCl2, or barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2, or
a combination of the two. When using liquid ammonia as the fuel, barium metal
may be dissolved therein. The combination found to produce the highest intensity
of Ba° and Ba+ resonance radiation in ground based tests involved a fuel of 16
percent Ba(NO3)2, 17 percent BaCl2 and 67 percent N2 H4 ; and as the oxidizer,
the cryogenic liquid fluorine F2 and in which an oxidizer to fuel weight ratio
was 1.32.
Other combinations of ingredients tested are set forth in Table I
below:
TABLE
I
______________________________________
System Optimum O/F
Percent
Ionization
Calculated
______________________________________
16.7%
BaCl2 -
83.3% N2 H4 /ClF3
2.36 68.0
26% BaCl2 -
74% N2 H4
/ClF3
2.08 70.0
50% Ba(NO3)2 -
50% NH3 /ClF3
1.52 -
42.9%
Ba(NO3)2 -
57.1% N2 H4 /ClF3
1.19 50.0
16.7% BaCl2 -
83.3% N2 H4
/F2
1.95 68.8
26% BaCl2 -
74% N2 H4 /F2
1.71 70.6
21% BaCl2
-
9% Ba(NO3)2 -
70% N2 H4 /F2
1.57 68.5
17% BaCl2 -
16% Ba(NO3)2
-
67% N2 H4 /F2
1.31 68.1
13% BaCl2 -
21.5% Ba(NO3)2 -
65.5% N2
H4 /F2
1.34 63.7
9% BaCl2 -
30% Ba(NO3)2 -
61% N2 H4 /F2
1.04
63.7
42.9% Ba(NO3)2 -
57.1% N2 H4 /F2
0.976 43.0
42.9% Ba(NO3)2
-
57.1% N2 H4 /OF2
0.694 46.9
26% BaCL2 -
74% N2 H4 /OF2
1.22
52.8
______________________________________
The conditions under which
each of the combinations listed in Table I were tested were ambient and the
percentage ionization was calculated by equations set forth in NASA Contract
Report CR-1415 published in August 1969.
The chemical supplier and
manufacturers stated purity for the various chemicals employed are set forth in
Table II below:
______________________________________
Chemical
Supplier
Purity
______________________________________
N2 H4
Olin Mathieson
Chemical
Technical Grade
Company, Lake Charles,
97-98% N2
H4
Louisiana (2-3% H2 O)
NH3
Air Products and Chemicals
Technical
Grade
Allentown, Pa.
BaCl2
J. T. Baker & Co. Reagent
Grade
Phillipsburg, N.J.
Ba(NO3)2
J. T. Baker & Co. Reagent
Grade
Phillipsburg, N.J.
F2 Air Products &
Chemicals
98%
Allentown, Pa.
ClF3
Allied Chemical
Co.
99.5%
Baton Rouge, La.
OF2
Allied Chemical Co.
98%
Baton
Rouge, La.
______________________________________
A solubility study of various mixtures containing
Ba(NO3)2, BaCl2 and N2 H4 was made at room temperature and is shown in the
triangular plot of FIG. 2. Seven solutions that were used in the tests
enumerated in Table I are indicated by reference letters in FIG. 2 as follows:
a. 16.7% BaCl2 - 83.3% N2 H4
b. 26% BaCl2 - 74% N2 H4
c. 21% BaCl2 -
9% Ba(NO3)2 - 70% N2 H4
d. 17% BaCl2 - 16% Ba(NO3)2 - 67% N2 H4
e. 13%
BaCl2 -21.5% Ba(NO3)2 -65.5% N2 H4
f. 9% BaCl2 - 30% Ba(NO3)2 - 61% N2
H4
g. 42.9% Ba(NO3)2 - 57.1% N2 H4
A mixture below the Saturation Line, that is
toward the Ba(NO3)2 or BaCl2 corners contained a solid and a solution phase
whereas the salts were in complete solution above the saturation line.
All
fuel mixtures or systems described were easily handled except the 50 percent
Ba(NO3)2 -50 percent NH3 system. This system caused clogging of the feed valves
due to precipitation of the Ba(NO3)2. In addition the light values obtained
using this system was relatively low.
In testing of each of the fuel
mixtures set forth in Table I the Ba° light was greater than the Ba+ light for a
given oxidizer/fuel ratio in each of the mixtures. The maximum light occurred in
all systems at a point located between the stoichiometric O/F and 3 percent less
than the stoichiometric O/F. The stoichiometric O/F is defined as being
equivalent to the oxidizer to fuel weight ratio in a balanced equation assuming
the salt is converted to free Ba, F to HF, Cl to HCl and O to H2 O. For example,
one system tested had an O/F ratio of 142 grams oxidizer per 100 grams fuel or
1.42/1.00. If the barium is assumed to be converted to BaF2 then the
stoichiometric O/F is 1.47. Since the greatest light output in all cases
occurred with O/F less than stoichiometric it is apparent that little of the Ba
was combined as BaF2 or BaCl2. This was confirmed by spectrographic analysis.
In Table II the various systems are listed in decreasing light output or
relative light intensity as measured by phototubes in millivolts, thereby
indicating the relative barium yield.
TABLE
III
__________________________________________________________
SYSTEM
MAXIMUM RELATIVE
(percent weight for fuel)
INTENSITY, millivolts
Ba°
5535 A
Ba+ 4554
A
___________________________________________________________
17% BaCl2
-16% Ba(NO3)2 -67% N2 H4 /F2
27600
11800
13% BaCl2 -21.5% Ba(NO3)2
-65.5% N2 H4 /F2
23600
8340
21% BaCl2 -9% Ba(NO3)2 -70% N2 H4
/F2
20600
9100
9% BaCl2 -30% Ba(NO3)2 -61% N2 H4
/F2
16600
5970
26% BaCl2 -74% N2 H4 /F2
16600
6520
26% BaCl2
-74% N2 H4 /OF2
11800
2100
16.7% BaCl2 -83.3% N2 H4 /F2
9100
3350
42.9% Ba(NO3)2 -57.1% N2 H4 /F2
9000 1800
42.9% Ba(NO3)2 -57.1% N2
H4 /OF2
7300 1330
42.9% Ba(NO3)2 -57.1% N2 H4 /ClF3
663 94
50%
Ba(NO3)2 -50% NH3 /ClF3
221
44
___________________________________________________________
From the above information, it is readily seen
that the 17 percent BaCl2 -16 percent Ba(NO3)2 -67 percent N2 H4 /F2 system gave
the greatest amount of light intensity of the 4554 A Ba+ and 5535 A Ba° spectral
lines. Ambient tests showed that the optimum oxidizer to fuel ratio of this
system was 1.32 to 1.00. This system containing 8.52 weight percent barium was
estimated to be 68.1 percent ionized. Also since this system had the largest
relative light intensity it would be expected to give the greatest amount of Ba°
and Ba+ and would appear to be the optimum system for a barium payload. In all
systems tested it was found that the relative light reached a maximum at the O/F
corresponding to the stoichiometric equation yielding barium as one of the
reaction products and that the relative light output was sensitive to the O/F.
Moving to either side of the optimum O/F caused a sharp decrease in relative
light.
In vacuum tests the ignition of each system tested was smooth and
like the ambient tests, took place in the combustion chamber. The rapid
expansion in vacuum caused a decreased atom and ion density in the luminous
flame which caused the light intensity to be about 1/37 to 1/50 the intensity
measured in ambient tests. The percentage ionization was approximately the same
for vacuum and ambient tests.
The operation of the invention is now believed
apparent. Initially, fuel tank 11 is charged with the fuel containing the
desired quantity of dissolved barium salt and pressurized with helium. The fuel
tank pressure may be in the range of 6.89 to 20.06 ¥ 105 Newton/meter2. Oxidizer
tank 13 is also charged with the appropriate oxidizer and pressurized. Cryogenic
oxidizers such as OF2 and F2 are condensed from gases in the closed oxidizer
tank which must be maintained enclosed in a liquid nitrogen bath. The oxidizer
feed valve 23 and conduit 19 must also be maintained at liquid nitrogen
temperature with a liquid nitrogen jacket when employing a cryogenic oxidizer.
The noncryogenic oxidizer, ClF3, may be pressurized into the closed oxidizer
tank 13 from a supply bottle with super dry nitrogen.
Combustion chamber 15
is formed of stainless steel, aluminum, or the like F2 compatible metals and is
internally partitioned by the manifold, not shown. The conduits 17 and 19
terminate in a manifold having injector orifices (not shown) mounted 90° to each
other within each end of chamber 15 and sized for pressure drops of 5.24 to 10.2
¥ 105 Newton/meter2 across the orifice. Fuel and oxidizer flows are in the range
of 2.05 to 6.82 Kg/sec each. The entire system is carried into the upper
atmosphere or interplanetary space by rocket vehicle 10 where, in response to a
suitable signal, timing mechanism or the like, valves 21 and 23 may be
selectively opened and closed and the pressurized liquid fuel and oxidizer will
flow through conduits 17 and 19 into combination unit 15. When the hypergolic
liquids impinge upon each other, they spontaneously ignite to expel reaction
product gases or plasma including the highly luminous barium neutral atoms and
barium ions as individual species. All of the barium reaching the combustion
chamber is vaporized and released through the opposite ends thereof so that a
high yield efficiency is obtained. The resulting high flame temperature,
approximately 4,000°K., and some as yet not determined chemical activation,
produces a relatively large amount of barium ions in the flame which is a highly
desirable condition. It has been estimated from spectroscopic measurements that
the degree of ionization may be as high as 75 percent in the released plasma in
comparison to being on the order of 1 percent for the previously used Ba-CuO
solid system which depends almost entirely on solar photoionization, a
time-dependent phenomena which further reduces the usable barium yield of this
known system.
Thus, it is readily apparent that the present invention
provides an inherently more efficient process of producing barium clouds wherein
the degree of ionization in the released plasma is much greater. The selectively
opening and closing of valves 21 and 23 gives the possibility of a payload with
multiple releases permitted due to the start and stop capabilities of the liquid
system. Also, the liquid system of the present invention gives the possibility
of controlling rates so that a trailtype release can be obtained as well as a
point-source type. In addition, the liquid system of the present invention
effects the formation of barium atoms and ions at the time of combustion and
expansion at high temperatures and results in little opportunity for the barium
to condense during release.
There are obviously many variations and
modifications to the present invention that will be readily apparent to those
skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure
or from the scope of the claims.
--------------------------------