HISTORY OF SECRET
EXPERIMENTATION
ON UNITED STATES CITIZENS
1931 |
Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer
cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare
facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure
experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients. |
1932 |
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with
syphilis are never told of their illness, are
denied treatment, and instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to
follow the progression and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently die
from syphilis, their families never told that they
could have been treated. |
1935 |
The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from
Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally
acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for
at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed
to act since most of the deaths occurred within
poverty-stricken black populations. |
1940 |
Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in
order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the
disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to
defend their own actions during the Holocaust. |
1942 |
Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on
approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made
use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather
than serve on active duty. |
1943 |
In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S.
begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick,
MD. |
1944 |
U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.
Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and
lewisite. |
1945 |
Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army
intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and
secret identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects in
the United States. |
1945 |
"Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects
of fluoride, which was the key chemical component in atomic bomb production.
One of the most toxic chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes
marked adverse effects to the central nervous system, but much of the information is
squelched in the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits
would undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs. |
1946 |
Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical
experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the
word "experiments" to "investigations" or "observations"
whenever reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's
hospitals. |
1947 |
Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission issues a secret document (Document 07075001,
January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will begin administering intravenous
doses of radioactive substances to human subjects. |
1947 |
The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by
American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used
with and without their knowledge. |
1950 |
Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons
in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and
mortality rates. |
1950 |
In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city
would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from
ships over San Francisco. Monitoring devices are
situated throughout the city in order to test the extent of infection. Many
residents become ill with pneumonia-like symptoms. |
1951 |
Department of Defense begins open air tests using
disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is
concern that people in the surrounding areas have been exposed. |
1953 |
U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over
Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy
River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to
determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents. |
1953 |
Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of
thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne
germs Serratia marcescens
and Bacillus glogigii. |
1953 |
CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research
program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would
be used for mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects
involved testing the agents on unwitting human beings. |
1955 |
The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human
populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the
Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl. |
1955 |
Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its
potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans
participate in the tests, which continue until 1958. |
1956 |
U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever
over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each
test, Army agents posing as public health officials test victims for
effects. |
1958 |
LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare
Laboratories for its effect on intelligence. |
1960 |
The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)
authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE;
testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT. |
1965 |
CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program
to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of
mind-altering drugs. |
1965 |
Prisoners at the Holmesburg State
Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical
component of Agent Orange used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for
development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected
carcinogen all along. |
1966 |
CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the
toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals. |
1966 |
U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant
niger throughout the New York City subway system.
More than a million civilians are exposed when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation
grates. |
1967 |
CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor
to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and
chemical weapons. |
1968 |
CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water
by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C. |
1969 |
Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department
of Defense requests from congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10
years, a synthetic biological agent to which no natural immunity exists. |
1970 |
Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under
H.R. 15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by
the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick,
the army's top secret biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised that
molecular biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like retroviruses. |
1970 |
United States intensifies its development of "ethnic
weapons" (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target
and eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic
differences and variations in DNA. |
1975 |
The virus section of Fort Detrick's
Center for Biological Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under
the supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) .
It is here that a special virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy,
purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity
exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus). |
1977 |
Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that
239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949
and 1969. Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key
West, Panama City,
Minneapolis, and St. Louis. |
1978 |
Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC,
begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects
specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men. |
1981 |
First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York,
Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been
introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine. |
1985 |
According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA,
a fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and
evolutionary relationship. |
1986 |
According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural
elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This
leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a
new retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists. |
1986 |
A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current
generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally
occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to
change immunological character and prevent treatment by all existing
vaccines. |
1987 |
Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning
research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate
research facilities at 127 facilities and universities around the nation. |
1990 |
More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic
babies in Los Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine
that had never been licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits
that parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to their
children was experimental. |
1994 |
With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth
Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many
returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a
microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated
into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat,
indicating that it had been man-made. |
1994 |
Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for
at least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of
military personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to
dangerous substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing
radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and
drugs used during the Gulf War. |
1995 |
U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war
criminals and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries
and immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare
research. |
1995 |
Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence
that the biological agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in
Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas
Department of Corrections. |
1996 |
Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were
exposed to chemical agents. |
1997 |
Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an
investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome. |
Source: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread59987/pg1